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Macro and Micro Nutrients: Emerging nutritional factors related to human health and diseases in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, there are several macro and micro nutrients that are emerging as important factors related to human health and diseases.

Vitamin D: Bangladesh is a tropical country with ample sunlight, yet vitamin D deficiency is prevalent due to cultural and religious practices that limit sun exposure, as well as the use of sunscreen and clothing that covers most of the body. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to rickets in children, osteoporosis in adults, and a higher risk of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer.

Iron: Iron deficiency anemia is common in Bangladesh, especially among women and children. It can lead to fatigue, weakness, decreased cognitive function, and impaired immune function.

Zinc: Zinc deficiency is widespread in Bangladesh, particularly among pregnant and lactating women, and children under the age of five. It can cause growth retardation, impaired immune function, and increased risk of diarrhea and respiratory infections.

Iodine: Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem in Bangladesh, with significant regional variations. It can lead to goiter, hypothyroidism, mental retardation, and cretinism.

Vitamin A: Vitamin A deficiency is a significant problem in Bangladesh, particularly among children under the age of five. It can cause blindness, weakened immunity, and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Omega-3 fatty acids: Bangladesh is a country where fish is a staple food. However, with increasing industrialization, the consumption of fish has decreased, and there is a growing trend towards consuming processed foods that are high in unhealthy fats. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and some plant sources, are important for brain function, heart health, and reducing inflammation.

Overall, addressing these macro and micro nutrient deficiencies through improved nutrition education, supplementation, and food fortification programs can significantly improve the health outcomes of the population in Bangladesh.

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